Math 371 Technology for STEM Educators

One day in AP Calculus, I remember learning about the washer and shell methods for finding volumes of revolution. The process required us to look at a graph, imagine it rotating around an axis, and then sketch the resulting three-dimensional shape. For many of us, including myself, this was incredibly difficult. We weren’t just solving an equation; we were being asked to mentally construct a 3D object from a 2D image. I still remember my teacher saying, “I wish I had something better to help you visualize this.” Looking back, this would have been the perfect opportunity to use virtual or augmented reality in the classroom. As technology continues to advance, it is becoming increasingly integrated into our daily lives. Whether we see this as positive or negative, it is undeniable that students today are growing up surrounded by technology. Because of this, I believe educators have a responsibility to design learning experiences that connect with students’ everyday lives. VR has become...

       Teacher questions often shape the direction of learning in a mathematics classroom. In many cases, questions are used to guide students toward a specific answer or to check whether they understand a procedure. While these types of questions have a place in instruction, they do not always encourage students to think deeply about the mathematics they are learning. When teachers ask questions that prompt explanation, reasoning, and reflection, the classroom shifts from simply finding answers to making sense of ideas.      Thoughtful questioning can open space for students to explore their thinking. Instead of asking questions that only require a short response, teachers might ask students how they know something is true, why a particular method works, or whether there might be another way to approach the problem. These questions invite students to slow down and examine the reasoning behind their work. In doing so, students begin to see mathematics...

       In elementary school, I can recall using manipulatives for many different concepts that we learned. For example, we used “linking cubes” when learning to count and when first introduced to addition and subtraction problems. We also used “base-ten blocks” when discussing place value and small clocks when learning to tell time. These physical tools kept me more engaged and allowed me to better understand the topics we were discussing because I could visually see the concepts in front of me. However, I can rarely remember using manipulatives once I moved up into higher grade levels.       In middle school and high school math classes, it can be difficult to find ways to use manipulatives, especially if students have not been using them previously. Introducing virtual manipulatives could be the “bridge” that is needed to supply that visual picture for students. Rather than having to provide the physical tools for every student, going virtual co...